Examples of pharmaceutical ingredients ingredient definition examples acidifying agent used in liquid preparations to. Accurately weighed quantity of sox was taken in a mortar and was levigated with a solution of wetting agent and a small portion of the mucilage of suspending agent. The pharmacy technician must have a full working knowledge of how to perform these calculations. Abstract this study aims at the possibility of using the dry gum of aloe barbadensis family liliaceae as a suspending agent for zinc oxide suspension. S collage of pharmacy moga punjab, india 2 department of pharmacognosy,khalsa collage of pharmacy amritsar punjab, india. To perform dosage calculations, you will utilize the information and. Aggregation or coagulation of drug particles in a parenteral suspension can pose a serious threat to product quality, particularly for products that require extended shelf life.
Pdf characterization of acacia niloticagum as suspending. The uses of tg as suspending agent in various pharmaceutical suspensions and. Factors affecting the choice of suspending agents in. Suspending agent excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the container. They are easily available as well as biodegradable and economic. If suspension is not preserved properly then the increase in microbial activity may cause stability problem such as loss in suspending activity of suspending agents, loss of color, flavor and odor, change in elegance etc. They help in lowering the sedimentation rate of particles in. Evaluation of the suspending properties of the co bioline.
Pdf pharmaceutics the science of dosage form design 2ed. Powdered cellulose is also used as a thickening agent. Dosage calculations include calculating the number of doses, dispensing quantities, and ingredient quantities. Controlling physical stability is difficult because of the complexity of this phenomenon. Pdf pharmaceutical development of suspension dosage form.
College of pharmacy, ooty 643 001, jss university, mysore, tamil nadu, india. Formulation and evaluation of acetaminophen suspension. This book outlines pharmaceutics and uses chapter summary questions and case studies to reinforce the conceptsthis book is appropriate for pharmaceutical science, pharmacy, and biomedical sciences courses. Finally, drugs in suspension are chemically more stable than in solution. Download physical pharmaceutics ii practical by dr. Five formulations fs1 fs5 each containing varying proportions of trigonella foenum graceum mucilage, were prepared. The most common suspending agents are aqueous biological polymers. Patel department of pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical biotechnology, s. It is a formulation whereby the insoluble solid is being suspended in a liquid by the aid of suspending agent. Formulation and evaluation of dry syrup containing linezolid. Suspension can be divided into oral, topical, parenteral and ophthalmic. When developing a pharmaceutical suspension one must first determine the products.
International journal of research and development in. In the worst case, aggregation can lead to the formation of a nonresuspendable sediment, known as caking. Drugs in suspension often achieve greater bioavailability than other formulations intended for oral administration. Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol suspension from. Studies indicate that the mucilage from ocimum basilicum seeds may be used as a pharmaceutical adjuvant and as a suspending agent at 2%wv, depending on its suspending ability and the stability of the resulting suspension. Suspensions, suspending agents, evaluation, stability. Crystallization occurs in aqueous metronidazole benzoate suspensions caused by an anhydrate to monohydrate conversion.
Pharmaceutics is an important part of the practice of pharmacy. At 2 % wv concentration, the suspending ability of the suspending agents were in the rank. Suspending agents suspending agents also called thickening agents are used to stabilize suspensions are hydrophilic colloid i. The naturally occurring suspending agents such as tragacanth, acacia, xanthan gum are susceptible to microbial contamination. Suspending agents used in formulation of suspension type of. This video enumerates suspending agents used for pharmaceutical suspension dosage forms. Pharmaceutics ch1 dosage forms of the drugs pharmacy. Cellulose and its derivatives use in the pharmaceutical. Studies on mucilage from acacia nilotica fruits as. Besides acting as a suspending agent they also imparts viscosity to the solution. Pharmacopoeian aspects of suspensions preparation in pharmacy. A large amount of pharmaceutical suspension marketed and prescribed in ethiopia each year implies that a large quantity of suspending agent.
The particle diameter in a suspension is usually greater than 0. The internal phase solid is dispersed throughout the external phase fluid through mechanical agitation, with the use of certain excipients or suspending agents. Cellulose and its derivatives use in the pharmaceutical compounding practice 145 in compounded medicines, powdered cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose are used as an adsorbent, a suspending agent, a capsule diluent 530% and 2090%, respectively. Preservatives used in pharmaceutical suspensions formulation.
This study aimed to develop an aqueous metronidazole benzoate suspension that does not exhibit this hydration and the accompanying crystal growth. The dispersed phase of a suspension is the solid while the continuous phase is the liquid. Formulation and evaluation of dry syrup containing linezolid akash m patel, viren n sisodiya faculty of pharmacy, dharmsinh desai university, nadiad387001, gujarat aku. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. Improving the stability of a suspension pharmaceutical.
Suspending agents form film around particle and decrease interparticle attraction. Download free sample and get upto 51% off on mrprental. It is majorly used as an excipients to help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in formulation. Abstractmetronidazole is a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoan agent. In terms of suspending ability, coprecipitated gumgelatin ratio of 1. Extemporal medicines, stability, stabilizers, suspending agents, suspensions, technology.
Suspending agents form film around particle and decrease interparticle. Suspending agent viscosity applied and interdisciplinary physics. Studies on mucilage from acacia nilotica fruits as suspending agent and binding agent singh kamalpreet1, mann avninder1, sandhu bharpur1, shah gagan2 1department of pharmacognosy,b. Use of natural suspending agents likes okra gums 8, abelmoschus esculentus. Natural suspending agents are mainly used as they are biodegradable and biocompatible 7. Pdf a pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble.
Suspensions of insoluble drugs may also be used externally, often as protective agents. The maintenance of a demonstrably high degree of bioavailability requires. Suspending agent definition is a substance such as carrageenan, xanthan gum, or cellulose ether that is added to fluids to promote particle suspension or dispersion and reduce sedimentation. A suspension is a dosing form in which insoluble or poorly soluble drugs are dispersed uniformly in a liquid medium by means of a suspending agent. Review article role of mucilage as pharmaceutical additives and cytoprotective agent moumita chowdhury. Suspensions the pharmaceutics and compounding laboratory. Now a day, natural polymers have been used as pharmaceutical excipient. If a buffer system is used, it must not cause precipitation or deterioration of the active ingredient. Sperandio liquids containing dispersed insoluble sub stances are commonly known as suspensions and are one of the olderjorms of pharmaceutical products.
The stability of the suspensions depends on the types of suspending agents rather than the physical properties of. Prior to discussing the solubility of therapeutic agents and. Formulation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin suspension. Pharmaceutics the science of dosage form design 2ed m. This general information chapter is being revised in its en. Suspending agent definition of suspending agent by. When smooth paste was formed, the rest of the mucilage was added in divided portions while. The pharmaceutical ingredients solubilize, suspend, thicken, dilute, emulsify, stabilize, preserve, color.
So a suspending agent is added to retard sedimentation of the flocs. One of the properties of a wellformulated suspension is that it can be easily resuspended by the use of moderate agitation or shaking. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In addition, disagreeable tastes can be masked by a suspension of the drug or a derivative of the drug, an example of the latter being the drug chloramphenicol palmitate. Although the controlled flocculation approach is capable of fulfilling the desired physical chemical requisites of a pharmaceutical suspension, the product can look unsightly if f, the sedimentation volume, is not close to or equal to 1. Evaluation of carboxymethylated plectranthus edulis starch as a. Mucilage 10 to formulate suspension of active pharmaceutical agents, has been previously reported. The ph selected should be the optimum for both stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and physiological tolerance. Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol suspension from trigonella foenum graecum mucilage v. Academic sciences asian journal of pharmaceutical and. Thus, for each dosage form, the pharmaceutical ingredients establish the primary features of the product and contribute to the physical form, texture, stability, taste, and overall appearance. A comparative evaluation of five common suspending agents. Formulation complete information about pharmaceutical industry and how to manufacture pharmaceutical product and consumer good product complete with formulation and technology to produce.
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